Diabetic Macular Edema

Diabetic macular edema [DME], one the most prevalent causes of visual loss in industrialized countries, may be diagnosed at any stage of diabetic retinopathy. The diagnosis, treatment, and follow up of DME have become straightforward with recent developments in fundus imaging, such as optical coherence tomography. Laser photocoagulation, intravitreal injections, and pars plana vitrectomy surgery are the current treatment modalities; however, the positive effects of currently available intravitreally injected agents are temporary. At this point, further treatment choices are needed for a permanent effect. Sources of data selection: The articles published between 1985-2015 years on major databases were searched and most appropriate 40 papers were used to write this review article

Delayed visual loss due to radiation retinopathy

Radiation retinopathy remains a devastating cause of visual morbidity in patients undergoing radiation for globe, orbit, and head and neck malignancies. A 65-year-old female was admitted with the complaint of low vision in the right eye for two months. Best corrected visual acuity was 20/32 in the right eye and 20/25 in the left eye. Slit lamp examination was normal in both eyes. Fundoscopic examination revealed perifoveolar hard exudates, paramacular microhemorrhages, telangiectasias, and macular degeneration in both eyes. Fundus florescein angiography showed enlargement of the foveal avascular zone, perifoveal capillary telangiectasia, and widespread venous beading bilaterally. Optical coherence tomography revealed bilateral cystoid macular edema. The prediagnosis of diabetic retinopathy was not confirmed because of the absence of diabetes mellitus after endocrinologic evaluation. Detailed medical history explored external beam radiotherapy to the head and neck region for nasopharyngeal cancer 10 years ago. The ultimate diagnosis was radiation retinopathy

Coexistence of posterior staphyloma, retinitis pigmentosa and moderate myopia

The authors report a 22-year patient presented with night-blindness and progressive visual loss. Ophthalmologic examination included slit lamp biomicroscopy, best-corrected distance visual acuity, cycloplegic refraction, A-mode and B-mode ultrasonography, and full-field flash electroretinogram [ERG]. Cycloplegic refractions were -6.00 [-1.25 x 175] dpt in the right eye and -7.00 [-1.50 x 165] dpt in the left eye. Slit lamp examination showed normal anterior segment. Fundoscopic examination revealed bone-spicule pigmentations, waxy optic disc, arteriolar narrowing and posterior staphyloma, with 5 optic disc in diameter in the right eye and 4 optic disc diameter in the left. Ocular ultrasonography confirmed staphyloma. Full-field ERG showed evidence of a generalized retinal dysfunction involving both rod and cone responses, supported the diagnosis of retinitis pigmentosa

Macular Choroidal Thickness and Volume Measured by Swept-source Optical Coherence Tomography in Healthy Korean Children

No abstract available.